A Comparative Study of the Calligraphy of Al-Fatiha Chapter (Surah) by Mir Emad Hassani Qazvini and Mirza Gholamreza Isfahani in Terms of Aesthetic Components of Good Formation and Good Establishment

Nasta’liq script developed and grew with certain characteristics during its six hundred years of history, after its formation and emergence by the efforts of calligraphers of each period. Some of the leading calligraphers, with new initiatives and creativity, promoted the beauty and evolution of Nasta’liq script. Among them, the works of Mir Emad Hassani Qazvini and Mirza Gholamreza Isfahani should be mentioned. Mir Emad Hassani Qazvini )961 AH) is one of the most famous calligraphers in the history of Iranian art in the Safavid era. He was able to strengthen the foundation of the Nasta’liq script so that all scholars of Islamic calligraphy would call it the bride of calligraphy. Mir Emad had an unattainable position and unparalleled skill in composition; ie. the way the letters and words were placed in the line, the crucifixion and the choice of the correct angle of engraving. Mirza Gholamreza Esfahani )1246 AH) calligrapher of the Qajar period is also a prominent figure with a special style in the history of Iranian calligraphy. Mirza Gholamreza has mastered writing in all common forms and forms of calligraphy and has created new methods, especially in the form of black and white. In examining the works of Mir Emad Hassani Qazvini and Mirza Gholamreza Esfahani, we encounter obvious differences in the performance of piece writing; The purpose of this study is to examine the style of Mir Emad Qazvini and Mirza Gholamreza Isfahani and to study two calligraphic pieces from Surah Al-Fatiha al-Kitab by these two artists in accordance with the aesthetic components of good shape and good position. The research questions are: 1- Regarding the aesthetic components what are the aesthetic components of Mir Emad Qazvini and Mirza Gholamreza Isfahani calligraphy? 2- What are the similarities and differences and the advantages of good formation and good condition due to the work of Mir Emad and Mirza Gholamreza?To answer the questions, first the contents , then the words and finally, the composition and the style of the two works have been studied and aesthetically analyzed. In this way, the aesthetic features, individual methods, creation process, aesthetic components of good shape and good position in Mir Emad Hassani Qazvini and Mirza Gholamreza Isfahani’s Al-Fatiha (Surah Hamad) have been studied. This research is a basic one with descriptive-analytical method and comparative approach. Data collection is desk-based and findings are analyzed qualitatively. The results of the research confirm that the difference in the writing style of the two artists is due to the difference in the angle of writing, composition and arrangement of letters.